What is a Standardized Test - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1239 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Standardized Testing Essay Did you like this example? Standardized tests are not the best indicators of intelligence for all students. Increasing numbers of studies are indicating that standardized testing does not properly assess the true knowledge of students. In fact, even honors students have been known to be held back because of poor Standardized testing results. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is a Standardized Test?" essay for you Create order They place minimal feedback to classroom teachers. In addition, standardized tests place additional stresses on teachers who are commonly evaluated on their students results. Teachers are less able to adapt to the learner differences of their students. These teachers are not incentivized to prepare their students for future excellence in a subject, but are motivated to make sure their students perform well on one test. Finally, they create a grade-responsive mindset. With a grade-responsive mindset, students are more inclined to cheat to perform well. Students who are non-standard thinkers, which is more recognized every year, are penalized, ostracized and often held back regardless of their success in the classrooms, due to these poor standardized test results. Such stresses completely oppose American values about individuality and self worth. Standardized testing does not accurately assess every students knowledge, it places avoidable stress and limitations on teachers, and it plac es undue stress on students who feel very pressured to score well. Standardized tests are not accurate when measuring the knowledge of students. When you are calculating the knowledge of students, these test scores are unreliable because they only evaluate the skill and performance of a student during the time the student is taking the test. This is unfair to a student that tries their best during the whole course of a class just to get a non-satisfactory score on a standardized test because they feel rushed or pressured. There may be students who are going through personal issues away from school which may affect their test-taking abilities. The usage of standardized tests allows students who may be going through distractions to be severely punished for something possibly out of their control. Other students are unable to realize the importance of these tests and the impact they may have on their futures and do not try their best, which results in inaccurate test results and below average grades for these uninspired test takers. Students who receive grades that are below average for them are not the only problem, either. Sta ndardized testing allows for students who may have not been the most knowledgeable about one of their classes or courses to receive a grade that inaccurately represents them as a higher-level student, when in reality they got lucky on a test. While this system may be rewarding to these lower-level student in these instances, it also has the potential to discredit and belittle higher-level students who may have received unsatisfactory test scores. This potential for inaccuracy removes a large amount of credibility from standardized testing results and discredits the current system we have in place today. These standardized tests fail to take into account any previous effort or work a student has put into a class, whether they excelled or struggled. Teachers of the students partaking in standardized tests may possibly be even more affected by the tests than the test-takers are. This is due to the fact that teachers are evaluated and judged by the scores their students receive on these standardized tests. This creates an immense amount of pressure for teachers to deal with and heavily limits their teaching abilities. Because teachers are evaluated by their students scores, theyre further incentivized to teach according to what will be on the test. This incentive for teachers does harm to the learning environment of students in multiple ways. One way this harms students is that teachers have no reason to prepare their students for future success in a subject. This makes teachers constantly go over the necessities for receiving a good grade on a standardized test, while not preparing their students for the subject for future years. This can cause students to miss out on essential information to their course if its not going to be p resent on a standardized test. Another byproduct of this incentive is that these students future teachers will have to teach them the information they missed out on, giving them less time to prepare them for another inevitable standardized test. Standardized tests also act as a guide for teachers throughout the year, which also has a negative effect on their teaching ability. The second way this harms students is that since teachers are supposed to teach in a way that prepares students for the standardized test, this can prevent teachers from having any uniqueness or individuality with their teaching. This also limits how they teach. Teachers may have the urge to teach their class certain methods or tricks to help them with their academics, but can be limited by the guidelines and instructions of preparations for the standardized test. This, again, attacks the individuality and originality of teachers, making the learning experience of students much more dull and hard to grasp. This strict adherence to the test preparations teachers face can prevent teachers from adhering to individual students needs and preferences when being taught. Since not all students benefit from the same methods of teaching, this adherence teachers f ace benefits some students and harms others, which is unfair to those harmed students. The evaluation of teachers based on their students results in their standardized tests alters the methods in which they would normally teach. Due to the fact that students know theyre being judged heavily on one test, a grade-responsive mindset is formed in them. Students know that none of their previous work in a course affects their grades on their test, so this can create a sense of panic and stress. Many students turn to alternatives, a popular one being cheating. Students not feeling confident in their test-taking abilities may end up attempting to cheat on a standardized test. This, again, shows the inaccuracy of the system and proves the unreliability. Another result of this academic dishonesty is that students will not be prepared for future courses having not learned anything, and they will continue their pattern of cheating, causing these scores to become more and more inaccurate. Students who may not feel the need to turn to cheating, though, may spend countless hours studying and stressing over one test. The stress and anxiety caused from this exhaustion may even cause their test grades to be lower than they sh ould be. This, once again, displays and explains exactly why the scores of these standardized tests are unreliable and should not be considered important. Students who work hard and still receive low test scores, possibly due to the alterations of teaching style and method, may develop low self-esteem. This disbelief in ones self (caused after just one instance of a bad test) can permanently damage their ability to learn and take tests. Someone who put in an extreme amount of effort and came out of the test with a bad grade may never again have the confidence to work and study hard for a class. This formation of a grade-responsive mindset in students (and partially teachers) again represents the inaccuracy of these tests and the possibility of long-term effects in test takers. The practice of standardized testing is outdated and impractical. Due to the inaccuracy and pressure applied to students and teachers from these standardized tests, the educational system needs to find a better method of evaluating their students and teachers.

The Downsides of Government Handouts - 697 Words

As the United States sled into a great economic depression in the early 2000’s, the people of this country grew desperate and in need of government assistance. As with any economic downfall the unemployment rate grew to a staggering high. Most families were despondent to stay afloat the poverty line on whatever means possible. But what are the effects of continuously throwing money at people even when the economy bounces back? In an editorial recognizing these effects, â€Å"Welfare Dependency Destroying America,† John Mariotti, an advisor to and president of many successful companies explains why giving handouts aren’t always a positive matter. To identify the main point, this article displays a headlining quote that plainly states the intended audience. â€Å"Are you old enough to remember 1968, when the US was a country of working people, not an example of welfare dependency destroying America? Unemployment was 3.6%. There were almost 200 million Americans back then—and most of them (96%) worked for a living, and paid taxes—and were proud to do so† (Mariotti). Even if you weren’t old enough, the author makes it clear that welfare dependency wasn’t a problem in the past. Mariotti makes the United States sound like a paradise. The unemployment rate was low, Americans were hard workers, and welfare aid was practically non-existent. This was a paradise quite opposite from todays America. The reader can benefit from knowing that â€Å"the real unemployment rate is almost 14-15%. We areShow MoreRelatedThe Cons of U.S. Foreign Aid Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagestechnologies developed elsewhere. These people are falling behind in the world and appear to be falling faster. The people in the country are hungry and in need of jobs but we cannot be responsible for their welfare. We cannot make them dependant on our handouts they need to become educated and learn to support themselves within their borders. 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Operations Management for Carton-Mix Optimization for Wal-Mart

Question: Describe about the Operations Management for Carton-Mix Optimization for Walmart. Answer: Introduction Operations management refers to the plan, procedure and control of the renovation procedure that exchanges resources like manual labor and raw materials into goods and services that are traded to the target consumers. It can be stated that there are several other reasons that makes operations management significant enough, as it focuses both on services and manufacturing. However, for this specific task, focus would be shed on supply chain management of Big W, as this is one of the significant parts operations management. Ahire et al. (2015) have stated that operations management takes into account overseeing, designing as well as controlling the procedure of production and redesigning business operation in the overall production of goods and services. In order to carry on the entire task, supply chain management of Big W has been selected and this would be analyzed some specific perspectives like cost, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility (Arli et al. 2013). Background of the organization and the selected process From the company profile, it can be seen that Big W is the home to a wide variety of Australias preferred brands like Apple, Bonds, Peter Morrissey and Mambo. It can be seen that this company is highly committed towards giving Australians the lowest prices each day. Apart from that, it can be seen that Big W stocks a wide range of brands taking into account Smart Value, AWA, Dymples, Avella and some more of the fresh fashion trends. This brand is famous among the people in the industry, as they have rich online stocks of more than 20,000 product lines. The mobile app of Big W allows its valuable customers to be savvy with proper price comparison scanner and this proves transparency of their prices of the products. From the news, it has been seen that the company recently has faced severe issues as well as loss over the last few years. The company has lost their sales and this has indulged the existing rivals to take over that position (bigwvision.com.au 2016). From news, it can be stated that Woolworths is expected to follow the lead of Wesfarmers and clear all the decks because its struggling Big W chain by booking restructuring charges as well as asset impairments. News have revealed the fact that to reduce cost, the management team of Big W has cut almost 100 jobs including 40 buyers and 30 e-Commerce staffs. They are expecting to cut the costs and restructure their supply chain through restoring profits. It has been seen that like Target, Big W as well is sitting on excess inventory after the unseasonal warm start to winter and many have to take more provisions in order to clear all the unwanted stocks after exhausting $145 million in provisions booked in February 2015. The main issue that the customers face in case of Big W is absence of products in the shelves and this disappoint the customers. Apart from that, it can be stated that the price of the products are comparatively high in Big W and this demotivates the customers to buy fr om this organization (bigwvision.com.au 2016). Evaluating present performance of the process Evaluating present performance of any organization benefits an organization from several perspectives and these have been mentioned here. Strategic benefits It helps in higher customer retention Focuses on greater market share It enhances the ability to execute strategies It strengthens the ability to take entry into the new markets (Connelly et al. 2013) Marketplace benefits Lowe costs Greater customer satisfaction Differentiated offerings Stronger relationship with the customers Greater agility (De Meyer and Pich, 2002) Operational benefits It reduces direct costs Focuses on better use of assets Fasters cycle time Focuses on increased accuracy Focuses on more added values Targets to simplify the entire process (Drake and Rhodes 2015) Process map of Big W supply chain Management Cost Supply chain management is the procedure that leaves great impact on the overall operations of the organization and cost is one of the major factors in this part. The company is one of the biggest international brands and thus it has to keep close focus on cutting costs in supply chain management. Elder and Dauvergne (2015) have stated that supply chain network design can significantly deliver huge decrease in supply chain expenses and enhancement in service levels through improved lining up supply chain policies. It can be stated that Big W is required to increase their rate of profit without increasing sales and this would be possible only if they reduce their supply costs. Initially they are required to improve their space utilization, though it is tough to keep the suppliers and inventory in the same place. They are required to rely on local suppliers without compromising the quality and this might help the organization to reduce costs. Apart from that, they are required to use m ultiple suppliers. Presence of multiple suppliers will raise competition and would result in reduced supply cost. Apart from that, it is required for Big W to review demand pattern of the customers frequently and this might help the organization in specific areas to reduce price (Ellram et al.2013). Quality Fawcett et al. (2012) have stated that supply chain management directly leaves impact on the quality of the product and the overall profitability of any organization. Therefore, for this particular reason, quality control in the supply chain is highly critical for maintaining a proper competitive edge in the marketplace along with reducing operating costs. Lukic (2013) has stated that if the raw materials are blemished, this make the whole production line incompetent and at the same time amplify defect rates in the completed goods inventory. Apart from that, it can be stated that when supply chain quality control is poor, the goods are more likely to break out before their warranty period expires (Lee 2004). It can be seen that organizations that experience large quantities of defects as well as some other forms of waste products during manufacturing, most of the times implement manual inspections to make sure about the quality of the products. In this part, it is required to state that hazardous materials are used throughout different parts of the world for several purposes in case of manufacturing and Big W can possess a remarkable market position by this. In order to ensure the quality of the product, Big W must not use any toxic materials and this unique feature would help the organization to gain a strong position in the present marketplace (Melnyk et al. 2014). Speed Nagurney and Li (2015) have stated in the research paper that effective supply chain management takes into account searching the appropriate balance between being able to maintain production levels and keep inventory stages in check. However, it can be stated that there are several other steps as well as factors to the supply chain management, but among them, speed and rapid response often can be highly significant. It can be stated that effective supply chain management begins with keeping enough supply of raw materials in hand to sustain constant production (Patil et al. 2013). If the company fails to provide required materials to the students on time, it would definitely lose market share and thus Big W is required to look at this part sincerely. Apart from that, it can be stated that it is highly essential for the organization to keep the wholesalers happy; otherwise the business might lose them. Pope and Pope (2015) have opined that maintaining inventory levels is one of the major parts of supply chain management and thus Big W must look at this point sincerely. Closing deals speedily can help the supply chain flowing and this part is required to shed light on carefully from the companys part. Therefore, it can be easily said that speed is a quality that is specifically significant in the retail distribution industry and Big W is required to look at this part sincerely to hold the leading position in the market (Qrunfleh and Tarafdar 2015). Dependability Sehgal (2014) has stated that reliability is one of the major five strategic attributes in the supply chain management according to SCOR-model. It is also known as the key component to a successful supply chain management. It is highly important to make sure that supply gets transported on time and in adequate amounts. A dependable supply chain management will provide a lot of value in to an organizations operations. Most of the firms try to optimize their supply chain system in order to generate cost savings. However, it is also important to seek consistency. Supply chain management has become more complex as a result of online ordering and global distribution (Simchi-Levi et al. 2007). Customers expect fast order completion and that is why plants need admission to raw materials as fast as possible. That is why; it requires a large number of drivers, warehouse executives and shops. In order to develop a dependable supply chain management, Warehouse management system is the best possible option. It will let executives track and enumerate supply as it moves through the supply chain. It can be an effectual way to get better the networks constancy. This software will provide precise assessments of supply levels which will allow the organizations to enhance a number of processes ranging from forecasting to production (Slack et al. 2015). Flexibility Zhao et al. (2014) have stated that to be elastic means to have the potentiality to vary as per the demand and requirements. Therefore, it can be stated that suppleness is the capability to carefully acclimatize in a reversible way, to an existing state of affairs that is irreversible. Companies must understand the real opposition is not firm to firm, but supply chain to supply chain. From the market research, it can be seen that mostly all companies rate elasticity as the top main concern, nearly as important as cost and daily performance. However, it can be stated that in supply chain management, flexibility is seen as a multi-dimensional construct, however, the number and content of these is more than controversial. Some of these are: Machine suppleness Material managing Volume handling procedure flexibility and some more (Slack et al. 2015) It has been found that the major goals of flexibility are as follows: Resource suppleness is the degree to which a resource can be functional to a variety of substitute uses along with the costs and complexities connected with the switching from one resource to another. Co-ordination suppleness in those processes that redefine the product strategies, reconfigure chain of resources to produce the products. This re-deploys those resources required to produce the product. Market flexibility is the capability to mass customize as well as build close and deep relationship with the customers taking into account designing and modifying existing and the new products (Slack et al. 2015). Supply flexibility is the capability to reconfigure the supply chain by altering the supply of the products in line with the demand of the customers. Organizational flexibility is the potentiality to align the labor skills to the requirements of the supply chain to meet the customer service along with demand requirements. Therefore, it can be stated that flexibility are of these kinds and Big W is required to look at each of them separately to enhance the present position of the company in the market place. Recommendation In order to improve their supply chain management, Big W would have to implement some systems in their organization and in their supplier organizations. A recommendation is added below by which Big W will be able to improve their supply chain management. Management of Big W can synchronize their product data such as dimensions of packaging, weight, and color with their supplies. It is expected that this move will help the organization to save more than $1 million annually. Big W can also use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology that will potentially save $8 billion per year. However, the suppliers are resisting this move of the organization which is a big problem. Big W can train the employees in their supplier companies. The organization is planning to build a partnership with Accenture which will allow them to develop a six to twelve month program. This program will have a four-hour exam in the end known as the Supply Chain Academy (SCA). The production of the organization is changing from mass production to smaller many specialized items production. Therefore, they will have to develop a complex but efficient transportation network. Currently, the organization has an effectual information management system that is responsible for handling the huge data collection. That is why; the issue of technical problem rises repeatedly. It can be stated that when someone hears the name of the company Big W, several things come to their mind from a pop culture stand point. As per the present report, Big W must do more to enhance supply chain transparency and hold its suppliers accountable. The alliance said that the retailer should do more to hold suppliers accountable to labor and environmental standards. From the research work, it has been seen that the company requires a third and independent body to monitor and verify supplier compliance with labor and environmental standards of Big W. Initially, Big W is required to look at the cost of their supply chain management, as high costs are affecting the expansion of the business in different parts of the globe. In spite of international supply chain, the company is required to rely on local supply chain without hampering the quality of the products. This might help the company to grab the attention of more local customers, as involvement of local suppliers would add e xtra value to the business operations. However, it can be stated that there are some other recommendations regarding labor and the environment in which it operates its supply chain management. It has been seen that the management team of the organization has stated that they target to create economic opportunity for the associates as well as the suppliers and people, who work in retail sector and retail supply chain apart from Big W. It can be seen that CEO of Big W urged all the store managers to push sales of the brand new products. Most importantly, he has given proper guidelines how to do that. However, there are more to be done because of the fact that the new products are crucial to Big W, as this brings $288 billion in revenue (Ellram et al. 2013). Conclusion At the end, it can be concluded that Big W has a strong belief in its employees, customers and suppliers. That is why; they are one of the best retailers in the industry. The organization has utilized most of the cost saving opportunities. It has also implemented best strategies for their logistics and supply management. However, some issues are still there that the management will have to handle carefully. References Ahire, S.L., Malhotra, M.K. and Jensen, J.B., 2015. Carton-Mix Optimization for Walmart. com Distribution Centers.Interfaces,45(4), pp.341-357. Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy| Ventura,16(1), pp.27-46. Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), pp.3-6. bigwvision.com.au, (2016).Big W Vision - Shop Online - Home. [online] Bigwvision.com.au. Available at: https://www.bigwvision.com.au/ [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Cao, X., 2013. Book review: Anita Chan (ed.), Walmart in China.Work, Employment Society,27(2), pp.369-371. Chae, B., Olson, D. and Sheu, C., 2014. The impact of supply chain analytics on operational performance: A resource-based view.International Journal of Production Research,52(16), pp.4695-4710. Climent, C, Mula, J and Hernandez, JE (2009), Improving the business process of a bank, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 201224. Connelly, B.L., Ketchen, D.J. and Hult, G.T.M., 2013. Global supply chain management: toward a theoretically driven research agenda.Global Strategy Journal,3(3), pp.227-243. De Meyer, A, Loch, CH and Pich, MT (2002), 'Managing project uncertainty: from variation to chaos', MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 6067. Drake, M.J. and Rhodes, D., 2015. Socially Responsible Supply Chain Management for a Competitive Advantage. InNew Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility(pp. 321-340). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Elder, S.D. and Dauvergne, P., 2015. Farming for Walmart: the politics of corporate control and responsibility in the global South.The Journal of Peasant Studies,42(5), pp.1029-1046. Ellram, L.M., Tate, W.L. and Feitzinger, E.G., 2013. Factor Market Rivalry and Competition for Supply Chain Resources.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(1), pp.29-46. Fawcett, S.E., Jones, S.L. and Fawcett, A.M., 2012. Supply chain trust: The catalyst for collaborative innovation.Business Horizons,55(2), pp.163-178. Jacxsens, L., Van Boxstael, S., Nanyunja, J., Jordaan, D., Luning, P. and Uyttendaele, M., 2015. Opinions on fresh produce food safety and quality standards by fresh produce supply chain experts from the global south and north.Journal of Food Protection,78(10), pp.1914-1924. Lee, HL (2004), The triple A supply chain, Harvard Business Review, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 102112. Low, C. (2015).Kmart boss reveals Big W hit list. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/kmart-boss-reveals-big-w-hit-list-20151204-glfnc2.html [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Lukic, R., 2013. Sustainable cost management in retail.Revista de Management Comparat International,14(2), p.268. Melnyk, S.A., Narasimhan, R. and DeCampos, H.A., 2014. Supply chain design: issues, challenges, frameworks and solutions.International Journal of Production Research,52(7), pp.1887-1896. Mitchell, S. (2016).Target, BIG W losses highlight need for sector shake-up. [online] Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/retail/target-big-w-losses-highlight-need-for-sector-shakeup-20160526-gp4cn9 [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Nagurney, A. and Li, D., 2015. A supply chain network game theory model with product differentiation, outsourcing of production and distribution, and quality and price competition.Annals of Operations Research,226(1), pp.479-503. Patil, D.P., Shrotri, A.P. and Dandekar, A.R., 2013. Management of uncertainty in supply chain.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,2(5), pp.303-308. Pope, D.G. and Pope, J.C., 2015. When Walmart comes to town: Always low housing prices? Always?.Journal of Urban Economics,87, pp.1-13. Qrunfleh, S. and Tarafdar, M., 2015. Supply chain management practicesIT utilisation alignment: impact on supply chain performance and firm performance.International Journal of Business Information Systems 5,18(4), pp.364-389. Sehgal, S., 2014. Supply chain management of Wal-Mart-An exploratory study.ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,4(10), pp.219-229. Simchi-Levi, D, Kaminsky, P and Simchi-Levi, E (2007), Designing and managing the supply chain: concepts, strategies and case studies, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill. Slack, N, Brandon-Jones, A, Johnston, R Betts, A (2015), Operations and process management, 4th edn, Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow; (ISBN: 9781292017846). Yue, L.Q., Rao, H. and Ingram, P., 2013. Information spillovers from protests against corporations a tale of Walmart and target.Administrative Science Quarterly,58(4), pp.669-701.